Microbiology Study Guide Chapter Essay Example for Free

Microbiology Study Guide Chapter EssayFood Production 1. Lactobacillus, Streptococcus, 2. Saccharomyces cerevisiae B. Oxygen production C. Nitrogen Fixation D. Decomposition E. Bioremediation F. Antibiotics G. Biotechnology and research H. Normal flora I. Pathogens (malaria parasite, E. coli, Salmonella, Clostridium) IV. The Origin of Microorganisms A. Spontaneous Generation revisited 1. Francesco Redi 2. Lazzaro Spallazani 3. Louis Pasteur 4. John Tyndall B. If not Spontaneous Generation, then what? 1. Ferdinand Cohn 2. Robert Koch Chapter 3 Microscopy Staining I. What can we see with a microscope? A.micrometer B. Nanometer II. History of Microscopy A. Robert Hooke B. Anton van Leeuwenhoek III. Principles of Microscopy A. Total Magnification B. Resolution/Resolving power 1. Wavelength 2. Numerical aperture C. Refraction/Refractive index D. Contrast IV. Light Microscope / knowing field Microscope A. Parts and functions 1. Oculars 2. Objectives/Revolving nosepiece 3. Stage 4. C ondenser Iris diaphragm 5. Adjustment knobs- Course, fine, condenser and stage B. Principles of electron microscopy (transmission and scanning electron microscopes). V. Staining Techniques A. grime Preparation B. Types of dyes basic, acidic C. Types of Staining Procedures 1. Simple staining 2. Positive and Negative staining 3. Differential staining a. yard stain b. Acid-fast stain 4. geomorphologic stains a. Capsule stain b. Endospore stain c. Flagella stain Lecture Chapter 3 Prokaryotic Cell I. Shape A. Coccus B. Bacillus (rod) C. Coccobacillus D. Vibrio E. Spirillum F. Spirochete II. Arrangements A. For cocci 1. Chains or Streptococci arrangement 2. Packets (tetrads (4 cells) or 8 cells (Sarcinae)) 3. Clusters or Staphylococci arrangementB. For bacilli- star, irregular, stacked or chained rods III. External Extensions A. Flagella in Gram negative bacteria 1. Components Basal body, Hook, Filament 2. Arrangement (Mono, Lopho, Amphi or Peri) trichous 3. Movement Chemotaxis, Ph ototaxis, Aerotaxis, Magnetotaxis B. Axial filaments (endoflagella) C. Attachment pili (Fimbriae) D. Sex pilus IV. Layers/Coverings A. Glycocalyx Capsule, Slime layer B. Cell bulwark Peptidoglycan, NAG and NAM 1. Gram positive- Teichoic- (TA) and lipoteichoic acids (LTA) 2.Gram negative- outer membrane made of endotoxin -Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), periplasm 3. No cell wall- Mycoplasma C. Cytoplasmic (cell) membrane 1. Components Phospholipid bilayer, Fluid Mosaic model 2. Passive fascinate a. Simple diffusion b. Osmosis 1)Hypertonic 2)Hypotonic 3)Isotonic c. Facilitated diffusion 3. Active transport a. Major Facilitator family transporters use proton motive force b. ABC transporters- use adenosine triphosphate as energy c. Group translocation 4. Energy production a. Electron Transport chain b. Proton Motive Force V.Internal Structures A. DNA as a Single chromosome in a Nucleoid region B. Plasmids and transfer of plasmids (conjugation) C. Ribosomes D. Storage Granules Glycogen, Volutin, Poly-? -hydroxybutyrate, sulfur E. Gas vacuoles (vesicles) F. Endospores 1. Formation of Endospore-sporulation a. Core Dipicolonic acid + Ca2+, DNA enzymes b. Core Wall Cortex peptidoglycan + muramic lactam c. Spore coating keratin-like protein 2. Germination Return to Vegetative State 3. Location terminal, lateral, central