Assessment of Health Perception Essay

In the Assessment of Health Perception, Spirituality and Prevalence of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors Within a Private College Cohort, Sandra Ramey delved deep into the heart of cardiovascular disease perception, status, and risk factors among college students. It discussed in detail the causes of cardiovascular disease in a college environment. Ramey also discussed in this article the possible solutions to the health problems. Throughout the article, Ramey used existing evidences, such as statistics and examples, in analyzing the situations faced by college students. It is written in a way that is easy to understand for college students to be aware of the growing problem involving them and the academe and some possible solutions to their problem. Furthermore, the article can also be a springboard for further research on college student health not only on CVD but other health risks as well. Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors The increased prevalence of several cardiovascular disease risk factors, specifically overweight and obesity, hypercholesterolemia and stress, among college students has gotten the attention of health practitioners across the country. These risk factors are attributed to many root factors that begin during childhood. The article discussed how these conditions worsen during college. It tries to identify how stress and emotional health affect a student’s health condition, specifically eating patterns and behavior. Ramey suggested that knowing these factors better can help diminish the development of chronic disease. Emotional Well-being and Spirituality Among the detriments to emotional well-being and impediments to academic success identified by college students, as shown in the NAPNAP’s Keep your children/yourself Safe and Secure (KySS) campaign, are the following: 1. stress; 2. sleep difficulties; 3. concern for family and friends; and, 4. relationship difficulties. The KySS survey also showed that the top worry for both teens and parents was â€Å"how to cope with stressful things in their life† (Ramey, 2005). Knowing this, Ramey continued to discuss current efforts to curb the growing risk. One of the important findings that were discussed was the effects of spirituality in perceiving emotional well-being (Ramey 2005). A study on 2003 by the Higher Education Research Institute at the University of California was cited to have examined the spiritual life of college students and was showing positive results, including declining levels of emotional health problems in students. This means that spirituality can be used to help prevent further complications such as CVD. Conclusion Ramey provided a content-rich article that was well-researched and provided with statistical data and research findings. It is a good read for college students to be aware of CVD and the risk factors causing it. The article is also a good source of information for health practitioners for further research about the growing health risk among college students. References Ramey, S. L. (2005). Assessment of health perception, spirituality and prevalence of cardiovascular disease risk factors within a private college cohort. Pediatric Nursing, May-June 2005

Free Will and Religion: A Nietzsche Perspective Essay

Free will has been studied for many centuries and has still puzzled ordinary people, many thinkers, scholars, theories, literary figures, and theologians worldwide. It has been confused with so many factors such as necessity or determinism from which the individual wonder whether his actions are based on self will or driven by conditions he cannot control. Other scholars linked it with moral responsibility and faith in God claiming that there is really no free will since it is influenced and manipulated by many factors (Kane 2). For many essentialists, free will is not recognized as an independent concept but rather a dynamic and essential context (Sack 79). Over the decades, ancient doctrines had been made recognizing the existence of free will; however many philosophers questioned it such as Friedrich Nietzsche who was one of the known philosophers to criticize free will. In the ancient and medieval studies of free will, a theological dimension has been recognized by many philosophers as a connection to ‘free will’. St. Thomas Aquinas and St. Augustine, whom Nietzsche share similar conclusions, considered free will as a gift from God and by possessing it means that we are beyond animals. More thinkers were intrigued by free will such as Descartes, Hume, and Kant who offered several solutions, a metaphysical framework, and a dichotomy of passion and reason to explain its dynamics. Free will becomes even more problematic as more ideas and concepts were linked to it such as ‘determinism’ and ‘causality’ offered by Schopenhauer and Freud (Dilman 2). These studies seemed to accept that many factors influence free will yet free will still exists. However, for Nietzsche free will is not affected by the course of events, fate, and it has no law (Dworkin 178). Nietzsche criticized â€Å"free will† by differentiating Christian free will and aristocratic free will. He believed that it is just an idea used to make an individual feel guilty particularly as a Christian religion control mechanism over the people. He argued that the â€Å"will† is not free because it is commanded within by the â€Å"I† and that the â€Å"I† and the power within the will is not the same. Additionally, he argued that the actions expressing the will are incorrectly connected to the human will; the power behind willing is separable from external events. Hence, free will is just a matter of â€Å"strong† and â€Å"weak† will (Dworkin 178). In Beyond Good and Evil: Prelude to a Philosophy of the Future published in 1886, Nietzsche continued to explore about his previous work—Thus Spoke Zarathustra. His arguments attacked on moral consciousness which led to the human presuppositions of â€Å"self-consciousness†, â€Å"truth†, including â€Å"free will†. Instead, he offered the idea of will to power as a concept to explain human behavior and concluding that there is no universal morality. He criticized philosophers and suggested qualities for new philosophers: creation of values, originality, imagination, self-assertion, and danger. He arrived at a concept of the perspective of life which he called â€Å"beyond good and evil† (Nietzsche, Faber, and Holub). The assumptions in Beyond Good and Evil are disturbing and unsympathetic to the traditional moral and philosophical assumptions. Nietzsche strongly suggested an â€Å"aristocratic† perspective of life as he probed on the history of moral values and the demise of strong cultures. These made his work attractive especially the chapters On the Prejudices of Philosophers, The Free Spirit, The Religious Essence, On the Natural History of Morals, and What is Noble (Spinks 167). Nietzsche disagreed with free will but he did not explicitly approve that the will is â€Å"unfree† either. Some wills are strong and some are weak. Given a tautology â€Å"the light shines†, there will be no light unless it shines and that the light does not have a free choice whether to shine or not to shine at all. Hence, the power in will is manifested only through the action or on how it is manifested. Nietzsche further argued that will cannot be free or unfree such that a power has no free choice whether to materialize itself in mild or severe fashion. However, this kind of perspective was not perceived by a common consciousness among people and the notion of strong and weak will is not accepted (Kazantakis and Makridis 28). According to Nietzsche, free will is an idea created by the weak so that they could elevate themselves as an equal to their masters. If the status or worth of an individual is not measured according to the quantity of power he possessed, the weak who use his power mildly becomes better or greater to an individual who is able to manifest a deed in a mild or harsh manner. The strong accept this theory of free will but this indicates pride. One will consider that his actions have undivided responsibility, either â€Å"good† or â€Å"evil,† and come up to a conclusion that his actions is independent and free from regulation of other wills (Kazantakis and Makridis 29). The metaphysics of â€Å"weakness† is explained by Nietzsche by referring to the soul, God, and free will which he described as words that refer to nothing. Will, on the other hand, is a complicated idea that is represented only by a word and commanded by a superior being within a man he assumes is able to obey. The soul, on the other hand, becomes a subject that is eternal, stable, and represents morality and emotions. The notion of stable entity proves the instability of reality and of the world. It cannot be avoided and experience through suffering particularly of the weak. Hence, there is weakness and the weak in return tries to invent an alternative to this kind of reality (Dudley 152). In Beyond Good and Evil, it is impossible to explain free will in relation to morality without the religious framework or a philosophy with God. During the time that famous scholars (including Nietzsche) dealt with free will, Christianity has been the prevailing religion all over Europe and its influence greatly manifested on numerous publications. God is hailed as the source of all morality and its meanings through holy writings such as the Bible, divine interventions, and intermediations. However, Nietzsche presented an overman that is beyond â€Å"good and evil†. The overman is independent, creates his own values, and disregards good and evil. Nietzsche reversed the reality instead by saying that God is created by people, they associated him with values, and followed its doctrines â€Å"as if these values had been decreed by divine will† (Earnshaw 51) As an essentialist, Nietzsche shared the same belief that people create and live by their own values. Hence, the definition of ‘good’ and ‘evil’ is relative to the people and their respective societies. Despite man’s lack of ability to discriminate between what is truth and imaginary, the â€Å"will to truth† is probably the highest â€Å"good†. The unfolding of will, which he described as neither free nor unfree, is perhaps an action of the will to what is true. Nietzsche presented another assumption that can be considered logical. He said that even though searching or willing for the truth is the highest, there are more fundamental matters behind this: affirmation of life, preservation of species, and so on. Therefore, â€Å"untruth† becomes a part of the will as â€Å"truth† is. If this is the case, then conventional philosophers are not seekers of the universal truth but simply rationalizing their prejudices (Earnshaw 52). Since Nietzsche did not accept either free or unfree will, his idea of will is reflected on his concepts of ‘will to truth’ and ‘will to power’. He found out that philosophers like him have an incredible role and impact in creating directing what to will for. Philosophers have great and creative minds and most of them are commanders and legislators. Through their knowledge, they can create; their creation leads to legislation; and their legislation push for will to truth. However, the meaning for will to truth is will to power. Hence, his idea of an overman who is beyond good and evil is externalized since philosophers can extend and reach visions that are not good or God oriented (Allen 71). Religion not only signifies an important role to explain Nietzsche’s â€Å"good and evil† and to describe what to will but also it can also be an instrument for the philosopher-legislator. As Nietzsche described human beings as â€Å"free spirits† or individuals having the â€Å"most comprehensive responsibility who has the conscience for the overall development of mankind†, he argued that a philosopher will use religion for his knowledge to be cultivated. Through religion, the philosopher’s creations can influence human beings and dictate their wills. However, the religion that Nietzsche is referring is a religion that is linked with philosophy and used merely for education and cultivation, a means among other means, but not the ultimate end. Otherwise, if religion is used separated from philosophy and as a legislator on its own, the effects are unexpected and dangerous (Allen 72). Fate, consequences, or course of events do not play significant roles in Nietzsche’s will. The act of willing is not similar to the power behind willing or the causal relationship brought by the natural science. No necessity can influence willing and unfree will is just a mythology. No law is bound to change will other than the power in other wills. The belief on the â€Å"unfreedom of the will,† or the idea that an individual might decide or act upon dictation or influence, is just a mere excuse used by individuals to prevent them from responsibilities and point the blame to other matters. Nietzsche’s argument on â€Å"unfree will† was similar to St. Augustine’s who argued that God indeed has ‘foreknowledge of events’ but gave man a ‘power to will’. If a man’s will is not successful in doing what it wills, fate is not the cause but a more powerful will. However, the weak often blame fate as the root of suffering instead hence Augustine said that â€Å"fate belongs to the weaker of two parties, will to the stronger. † (Dworkin 178). At first glance, Nietzsche argument on will can be vague, confusing, and challenging but given the mass of ideas presented in Beyond Good and Evil, readers and thinkers can get plenty of advice from a seemingly manual type for philosophers publication. In defining his analysis on will, Nietzsche began by attacking the conventional philosophers and philosophical assumptions. The assumptions can be pretty confusing and devastating to other philosophers and his views on God can be described as anti-Christ. Undeniably, he made a strong conclusion by saying that the â€Å"will to power†Ã¢â‚¬â€the strongest will of all that is driven by emotions and things that man is passionate of, can change numerous things in the world. In order to correct this kind of prejudice, Nietzsche offered a solution he called the â€Å"free spirit† which can be achieved through isolation and independence or living a different live, the difficult one. In order to grasps what he meant about â€Å"free spirit†, he further described morality and truth which can be confusing and might unacceptable to others. He said that the only real things in this world are man’s emotions, passions, and motivations. Nietzsche provided a doctrine that is simplified and meant to be understood by ordinary people. The shift is observable since his previous works were mostly misunderstood and used for destructive purposes. Nietzsche attack on Christianity and/or religion intrigued numerous scholars. He described religion as the cause of the distortion of people’s values, pushed many to become non-believers, and offer self-sacrifice. On the other hand, some found his assertions contradictory such as man’s inability to know the truth yet in his book he seemed to declare a lot of truths. He said that philosophers must avoid justifying their own opinions yet Nietzsche sounded like a dictator of his self-declared truths. Nevertheless, he is able to point out that truth is relative among people, that there is no universal truth, and that man should will for his own truth. Works Cited Allen, Douglas. Comparative Philosophy and Religion in Times of Terror. Lexington Books, 2006 Dilman, Ilham. Free Will: A Historical and Philosophical Introduction. Routledge, 1999. Dudley, Will. Hegel, Nietzsche, and Philosophy: Thinking Freedom. Cambridge University Press, 2002. Dworkin, Ronald William. The Rise of the Imperial Self. Rowman & Littlefield, 1996. Earnshaw, Steven. Existentialism: A Guide for the Perplexed. Continuum Publishing Group, 2007. Kane, Robert. Free Will. Wiley-Blackwell, 2002. Kazantakis, Nikos & Makridis, Odysseus. Friedrich Nietzsche on the Philosophy of Right and the State. SUNY Press, 2006. Nietzsche, Friedrich Wilhem, Faber, Marion, & Holub, Robert. Beyond Good and Evil. Oxford University Press, 1998. Sack, Robert David. A Geographical Guide to the Real and the Good. Routledge, 2003 Spinks, Lee. Friedrich Nietzsche. Routledge, 2003.

Technical Writing, Project Specification Plan

Project Specification plan Sign-off sheet Name and Job title| Involvement in the project| Signature | Sharon Shameful,Chief Executive| -Signs off the project as a whole-Authorisation of interviews-Signs of on new project proposals| | Nathan SafeHuman Resources | -Hires new staff & also responsible for their interviews-Hires the technical writer-In charge of keeping up to date with staff reviews and reporting to management| | Money Penny Chief Financial Officer| -Signs off financial implications of the new policies and processes. Will provide financial background on health and safety training of staff. | | Mathew HandymanHealth & Safety officer & temporary Maintenance manager| -Signs off on the health and safety implications of the new policies and processes-Checks that proper health and safety procedure is implemented by all staff. -In charge of maintenance of all machinery and also trains new staff in using these. | | Hayden StarStaff Supervisor| -Supervisor ground staff-Interview n ew staff alongside human resource manager-Trains new staff in machinery| |Purpose The purpose of this documentation project is to come up with a new, improved process to prevent any future accidents involving dangerous equipment and providing employees with improved policies with proper health and safety procedure to prevent these accidents. The deliverables are: * A description of the new process, written up as business proposal, which will include a swim lane diagram illustrating who does what, at which level. * Dangerous Equipment use policy. * Procedures or instructions for one of the employees.The purpose of the documentation will be revised at daily meetings with the project manager, Nathan Safe. Definition of Audience Document| Audience | Audience Description| Business Proposal for training new staff and existing employees in the safe use of equipment| Management team| Has a good knowledge of finances and council operation as well as health and safety in relations to dangerou s equipment| Dangerous equipment use policy| All Employees| Ground knowledge of all equipment. Some already experienced in use of dangerous equipments. Are motivated to learn more after what has happened to a staff member. Procedure for Health and Safety and Maintenance officer| Mathew Handyman| Knows all about the machinery on hand and also their safety policies, but needs to be more proactive. | Note 1. Bruce alongside with his supervisor Hayden and 2 other colleagues will be available throughout the project for user testing Relationship of these documents to others The new documentation will replace the outdated Dangerous equipment use policy that has proved to be ineffective. The new policy and procedures must: * Follow proper health and safety codes set by ACC Fit with the councils financial budget * Fit with local councils general health and safety policies Production Information The business proposal will be presented in both electronic and paper form. The electronic copy wil l be make it easy for new additions. The proposal will consist of 2 – 3 pages and will also include at least one swim-lane diagram (in colour). The dangerous equipment use policy will be delivered as one page printed document. This will be handed out to all ground staff and also copies will be posted in the staff room in the maintenance shed.Intranet file will also be available to staff via the council network. Procedures will be only handed to one employee who will have to include this in action daily. Writers requirement Project will be mainly carried out on the premises of Maurati local council. Finalising and part of the writing will be done at the technical writers home office. During the project, the council will provide the technical writer, * Access to meeting rooms for interviews * Access to relevant documents * Access to scanner Admin will be assisting with all the printing and scanning.Originals will be printed by the technical writer at his preferred printing pres s. Nathan Safe, Money Penny, Mathew Handyman and Hayden Star will all be available for interviews during business hours. Sharon who is currently busy with the local gala will only be available on Friday. Ground staff will be available during their posted times, however, this will only be during their lunch hours. Free lunch vouchers will be handed at each interviews to all ground staff for taking time of their lunch to come for an interview.The technical writer will report all interview of staff to Nathan Safe. Schedules and Milestones Project Stage| Tentative time of Completion | Initial Research * Informal talk with Staff * Relevant document investigations * Scheduling with SMEs| 15 May 2012| Development of the project * Actual interviews conducted * Rough swim-lane diagram | 16-18 May 2012| Draft proposal complete| 20 May 2012| Draft Policy and procedure documents complete| 23 May 2012| Feedback on proposal and policy draftsTesting of procedure draft| 24 May 2012| Revising & Edit ing| 25 May 2012|Documentation Completed| 4 June 2012| Constraints Delays will be inevitable. Budget Technical writer’s work | Cost| Researching – 10 hours| $60 x 10= $600| Drafting Stage| $60 x 5= $300| Interview Staff and facilitating user-testing (vouchers will be provided free for charge to interviewees)| $60 x10= $600| Training Individual on Procedure| $60 x 10 =$600| Revising & Polishing – 10 hours| $60 x 10 =$600| Printing & Disbursement (standard) | $250| Total| $2,950 + GST|

Innovation, Design, and Creativity Essay

Innovation, design, and creativity are typically interchangeable, but are in fact defined as separate qualities with business implications that can be compared and contrasted. While some companies can survive solely on creativity, a rise in global competition has domestic companies striving to develop more innovative products and services. These new found ideas are then made concrete by implementing a successful design. Creativity is the creation of a new idea or concept. The term is a necessary step towards the innovative process of applying a creative idea. Creativity is an essential building block for innovation (von Stamm, 2003). A person that is naturally creative must have broad vision to meet organizational challenges. These visionaries are a company’s adventurers and risk takers who see and think further than most. Innovation equals creativity plus successful implementation (von Stamm, 2003). The introduction of a new idea should be implemented within all levels of a c ompany; from upper management executives to mere janitors. In order to have an innovative product or service, it has to be converted from an idea into action; the creativity is delivered or put into effect. Design is the conscious decision-making process by which an idea is transformed into an outcome, be it a tangible product or intangible service (von Stamm, 2003). It is about researching possible outcomes to particular scenarios and selecting the best design thereafter. Any obstacles that conflict with a creative idea will be resolved with design. Teamwork may help since the design implementation may be too complex for one person’s expertise; a person typically does not possess creativity, innovation, and design; which is what is needed for a total quality result. Although I’m unemployed at the moment, these three concepts were successfully applied in my previous organization. As a former Accounts Payable Clerk, my direct supervisor thought like a designer by thinking about our department’s future goals, rather than focusing solely on the present (or current) accounts. This calculated decision making process is defined as design but without having an initial creativity and innovation, the successful design of an organization could not be possible. Reference von Stamm, B. (2003). Managing innovation, design and creativity, 1e. [University of Phoenix Custom Edition e-Text]. : John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Retrieved from University of Phoenix, OI361 website.

Biographical Data

This paper intends to answer the following questions: 1) Where can a manager find biographical data about an employee? 2) What can biographical data tell a manager about their employees? ; and 3) What can a manager do to get a compatible ability-job fit? It also aims to provide examples to support the answers. Where Can a Manager Find Biographical Data About an Employee?A manager can always look for credible biographical data with regards to an employee by requesting such information from the high school or college he or she attended (HR Guide to the Internet: Personnel Selection: Methods: Biographical Inventories, 2001, n. p. ). In addition to that, employment records may also be looked into since one’s former employers are the ones who may convincingly attest to the employees’ behavior, consistency, truthfulness, flexibility, as well as, one’s ability to think critically (HR Guide to the Internet: Personnel Selection: Methods: Biographical Inventories, 2001, n. p. ).Furthermore, special requests to look into court records may also be carried out to check if the employee has been or has not been involved in a crime; this will guarantee an employee’s character (HR Guide to the Internet: Personnel Selection: Methods: Biographical Inventories, 2001, n. p. ). The same is true with credit history; if an employer knows about this then he will also know if one may be trusted, for instance, in terms of finances or monetary handling (HR Guide to the Internet: Personnel Selection: Methods: Biographical Inventories, 2001, n. p. ).Last but not least, if a manager wants to know a bit more about personal qualifications or characteristics of an employee, then he or she may always look into the recommendations provided by the employees’ friends since they are the ones who know the real personality of the employee (HR Guide to the Internet: Personnel Selection: Methods: Biographical Inventories, 2001, n. p. ). What Can a Biographical Data Tel l a Manager About their Employees? †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Reference HR Guide to the Internet: Personnel Selection: Methods: Biographical Inventories. (2001). Retrieved April 11, 2008 from http://www. hr-guide. com/data/G313. htm

Philips VS Matsushita Case Study

N.V. Philips (Netherlands) and Matsushita Electronic (Japan) had followed very different strategies and emerged with very new and different organizational capabilities. Philips built its success on a worldwide portfolio of responsive national organizations while Matsushita based its global competitiveness on its centralized, highly efficient operations in Japan. During 1990s, both company faced major challenge to their competitive positions and organizational model, and at the end of the decade, both companies were struggling to reestablish their competitiveness. At the start of the new millennium, new CEOs at both companies were implementing yet another round of strategic initiatives and organizational restructuring.Observers wondered how the changes would affect their long-running competitive battle. The name Philips has become more popular but the company we know as Panasonic nowadays is the brand name of Matsushita. Philips was the producer of only light-bulbs. They became the le ader in industrial research. After dividing Product Division and National Organization, they innovated new products (e.g. color TV, Stereo TV, TVs with teletext). But throughout the times of business, Philips continued profitless progress. However, throughout three decades, seven chairmen experimented with recognizing the company to deal with its growing problems.After 1990s Philips started overcoming the profitless progressing problem by cutting its cost through decentralizing its production in different part of the world (e.g. digital audio tape and electric-shaver product lines were relocated in Japan). But after 30 years quest Philips recognized that building efficiency in global operation has failed. On the other hand Konosuke Matsushita, a 23 years old inspector started his business with Osaka Electric Light Company, started production of double ended socket.The company Matsushita grew rapidly and expanded into battery powered lamps, electric irons and radios. On the 14th anni versary of Matsushita, KM announced to his 162 employees a 250 year corporate plane broke into 25 years section, each to be carried out by successive generations. His plan was codified in company creed and in the â€Å"Seven spirit of Matsushita†. CreedThrough our industrial activities, we strive to foster progress, to promote the general welfare of society, and to devote ourselves to furthering the development of world culture. Seven Spirits of MatsushitaService through Industry Fairness Harmony and Cooperation Struggle for Progress Courtesy and Humility Adjustment and Assimilation GratitudeKey Findings of this Case: Philips: Starting its business with one product focus.Organization development through separation of National Organization and Product Division. 7 chairman’s change within 3 decades in different attempt of recognition. Production diversification and shutting down 75 production facilities for cost cutting in 1987. During 1990s Operation Centurion reduced h eadcount around 22% of the company employees. In 2001 Gerard’s decision of outsourcing the products that can’t add value. Matsushita:Starting Business in 1918 as a double ended socket producer. On the 14th anniversary of Matsushita, KM announced to his 162 employees a 250 year corporate plane broke into 25 years section, each to be carried out by successive generations Advancing with a flood of new products, around 5000 electronic products. Became the first Japanese company to adopt the divisional structure, giving each division clearly defined profit responsibility for its product. Having a clear and specific target for the future growth of the company and each division has to .pay their 60% profit to the parent company. Building Global Leadership through VCRs in 1980s.KM changed the plan of controlling. Instead of controlling input, he started to monitor the output. Wherever the location is, there will be a manager  from the headquarter. That’s how they mana ge the relationship between the Headquarter and Subsidiary.Suggestions:According to our point of view Philips should have specification on the national organizations and the production division. Each should have been given a target that would judge their performance. Instead of just minimizing and diversifying production, they should have recruited young blood. Because young blood brings innovation in business. Considering their excessive cost of production, they should have outsource as much as possible to minimize cost and maximize profits of their company. Most importantly all the divisions should have been monitored by the headquarter, so that the performance and the cost effectiveness would be more emphasized.

Wikis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Wikis - Assignment Example can observe how the business offers its services and products by reading other people’s comments, therefore, getting attracted to the business if it has good ratings. This would bring new customers to the business. Thirdly, potential customers seek to work with companies that they can trust. A business that has a wiki creates an atmosphere of trust by showing that it accepts criticism if a service is rendered poorly. Therefore, many businesses that develop wikis are thought to deliver quality services, therefore, attracting new customers (Wagner and Majchrzak 17). The wiki can be critical to the employees as it would offer a platform where they can communicate with the customers, thus making them understand what the business is all about. It also ensures that the employees are treated well in the business to ensure that their comments are in the company’s favor. Partners can view the company’s progress through the wiki by reading the comments and assessing them to see if quality services and products are offered (Wagner and Majchrzak 21). Wikis bear ethical and security concerns in that any individual can add content, which may be offensive or not be relevant to the topics. Secondly, people assume that the wikis can be edited or written in favor of a particular issue, thus reducing credibility. Thirdly, wikis can be tampered with using malware applications or viruses (Cummings 6). The company can address these issues by ensuring that the users are registered before gaining access to the wiki. This helps to detected changes and identifies users’ presence. Antivirus programs can be used to detect malware programs that could be harmful to the computers (Wagner and Majchrzak 37). Cummings, Robert E.. Wiki Writing Collaborative Learning in the College Classroom. Ann Arbor: Digital Culture Books, an imprint of the University of Michigan Press and the University of Michigan Library, 2008.

Article Review Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 6

Article Review - Research Paper Example The author clearly states an explicit thesis and has a specific point of view; the impact of juvenile drug courts on drug use and criminal behavior. What prompted the researchers to carry out this study is that there is very limited literature that supports the effectiveness of the juvenile drug courts (JDC). Therefore, the study was aimed to fill in the gap on the effectiveness of JDCs. The audiences for the article include criminal justice agencies, teachers, parents, young children and youths, psychologists, law enforcement agents, and medical practitioners. The article is organized into an abstract, introduction, study objectives, methodology, results, discussion and analysis, and conclusion. The article’s abstract provides a summary of the study. The juvenile drug courts have adopted the models together with philosophy of courts for adults, however, their successes in bringing down drug addiction together with juvenile deliquency have been mixed. The research study made comparisons on juvenile drug courts with youths receiving standard probation on alcohol and other drugs to criminal re-offences 3 to 30 months after the youths had served the juvenile drug court’s probation. The study uses a quasi-experimental design. The participants included youth who participated in either probation (596) or JDC (622) between 2003 and 2007. The study results found out that probation and JDC youth did not differ significantly on alcohol and other drugs offending. Contrarily, the JDC juveniles had statistically significant fewer delinque nt crimes in contrast to those on probation, with the difference between the groups widening with extended follow-up periods. The authors start by providing a background information on JDCs. This enables the readers to have a background knowledge of the study. Various interventions have been used to address juvenile delinquency. The most common strategy in the juvenile justice system is punishment that is

How Important Is the Study of Globalization to the American Economy Research Paper

How Important Is the Study of Globalization to the American Economy - Research Paper Example It has been argued that globalization will intensify the economic disparities and conflicts subsidizing progression of relatively poorer economies. Several studies have inspected if globalization procedures have decreased or intensified wealth dissimilarities within developed economies and emerging economies. Notably, globalization studies have gained much importance in the American economy as it can impact on financial condition and strategies of organizations of a country (Brahm, 2005). Due to the influence of globalization, international economies influence the success of market players to a large extent. It has been disputed that directness associated with globalization can benefit every nation; while some think globalization has the potential to broaden the differences within nations. Globalization is reliant on a range of national and international aspects. Globalization raises the global business and exchanges in gradually open, incorporated and borderless global economy. Sign ificant development has been observed not only in transaction of products and services, but also in money transfers, travelling, immigration, sharing of ideas and information. The impact of globalization can be seen through measurement of the quantity of global monetary dealings. For instance, in New York, almost 1.2 trillion USD worth transactions flow per day and the quantity of global stock market dealing surpasses the huge amount (Intriligator, 2003). Globalization has a significant influence on every economy of the world, with diverse impacts. It can impact on manufacturing of products, employment market, and other efforts of the production procedure. Moreover, it also impact on investment, wealth, technology and results in transmission of skill and knowledge from originating countries to other countries. Globalization also has a major impact on the competency and output in the economy. In the context of international economy, globalization has resulted in increasing competitio n. Though some organizations fear competition, but there are several advantageous impacts of competition which can raise output or effectiveness of the company. Competition and the spreading of markets in globalization can lead to specialism and division of work (Intriligator, 2003). The participation of the USA in the international economy can also be signified from a political perspective. The international economy is an extremely competitive place where organizations from several nations are struggling for employment expenses, gaining technological and cost advantages over other organizations. Thus, organizations are significantly considering health tactics, wage and remuneration programs, and job positions as a vital aspect of their competitive approaches. Some organizations in USA believe that they should outsource the resources from inexpensive traders, move some business operations to other international sites and continually innovate themselves (Pearson Education, 2010). It is worth mentioning that American citizens see globalization as a blend of positive and adverse components for the economy. With the affect of globalization, USA has emerged as an international civilization. It is in this context that critical decisions of USA are likely to have an impact on the global economies. Conversely, decisions adopted by other economies can also have significant impact on economy of USA (Tay, 2010). Globalization generates open occupations which in turn generate opportunities in the

Marketing management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Marketing management - Assignment Example According to Michman, Mazze and Greco (114), market orientation refers to execution of promotion theories to provide a coordinated achievement of both personal and social goal within the organization. Market orientation also takes into consideration the move taken by rivals of the company and engages plans that will result to better performance than their rivals. The aim market orientation is to focus on the desires of the consumers and produce those products they desire while monitoring the actions of the rivals to ensure they don’t take over the market (Kwon, 76). Unilever is a London-based company dealing with consumer goods and have several branches in other different parts of the world (Hitt, Ireland & Hoskisson, 345). They have excellent management marketing that interconnect building of products name, carrying out promotion activities, developing new products , packaging and designing marketing approaches to generate cash for the organization. The company management has also incorporated market orientation in their managerial activities whereby the marketers scrutinize what their clients love and demand to know why they love it (Hitt, Ireland & Hoskisson, 411). This enables them to make the products that suit the needs of the

HW Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

HW - Essay Example 332). SOX (Sarbanes-Oxley Act) demands the recording of the system used by management in an effort to evaluate its efficiency and announce any errors or weaknesses. This documentation is always subject to auditing requirements that may require constant revision (Natan, p. 333). Lastly, the 1386 regulation California Senate Bill mandates the proper requirements and abilities to be aware of any access to private California resident data by unauthorized parties. Identifying any such breaches requires the business to base its auditing requirements on effective privacy measures (Natan, p. 335). Auditing should include schema, stored procedures or activators, user freedoms, and other DDL changes. From protection, compliance, structure management, and procedural perspectives, these factors are vital collectively (Natan, p. 357). DDL instructions are most likely the most destructive instructions today and allow intruders to compromise any network with absolution from a security point of view. Numerous regulations made organizations and individual data users audit all changes to data configurations from a compliance point of view. Compliance requisites for schema modifications during auditing are frequently the same as the requisites characterized as under structural management and IP administration initiatives. As a result, an external party will be able to maliciously alter, utilize, and roll back schema to its original form. These functions can occur without the authorized user noticing, particularly when the entire process occurred within less than 24 hours (Natan, p. 358) . The DML audit trails discussed in Section 12.9 reveal how one can selectively determine the items and instructions that need auditing. This determination comes about through unsophisticated and rough calculations. More specifically, Ben Natan anticipates DML audit

Experimental economics summary paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Experimental economics summary paper - Essay Example Main Findings The article specifically showed that reciprocity is achieved when trust has been developed through personal and social interaction. This was identified in the experiment using the concept of investment game. The belief that self-interest can substantially explain how an individual may behave from an economic standpoint was challenged and proved to be insufficient to give explanation in understanding human behavior in the economic context (Berg, Dickhaut, & McCabe 137). The concept of trust and reciprocity was found to be dominating in the investment game which implies that individuals try to develop relationship and are willing to give up self-interested motives. The whole point of this is that an individual wants to continue harmonious relationship and aim for stability in order to be treated with fairness and equality in the long run. Another important justification and which could also stand as another important result is the inclusion of social norm as the basis of decision of an individual to go for trust and reciprocity (Berg, Dickhaut, & McCabe 132).

IKEA assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

IKEA assignment - Essay Example The stores include restaurants and child care. Electric carts are provided for people who need them. IKEA’s products are trendy yet inexpensive relative to the market. The product line is very extensive. And IKEA prints and distributes more catalogues each year than the world produces Bibles (Roth). The company has found itself in a position of prominence because of the unique strategy it has developed since its inception as a small mail-order merchant in Sweden in 1943. Its founder, Ingvar Kamprad, was a man of vision who started developing this strategy from the very beginning. It took him only twelve years to develop his model. He put the final touches on it in 1965 when he opened a large store in suburban Stockholm that resembles today’s stores worldwide. A great deal of IKEA’s strategy is embedded in what it calls the IKEA Concept. According to the IKEA Web site, the IKEA Concept â€Å"is based on offering a wide range of well designed, functional home furn ishing products at prices so low that as many people as possible will be able to afford them.† The site also suggests that IKEA’s target market is the middle class, not the upper class that has always been able to buy trendy furniture. The Web site also discusses the way its products are designed, manufactured, and distributed. There is mention of how the products are assembled. In a sense, this is a fallacy because most IKEA furniture products are sold disassembled which is one of the reasons why they can be sold as cheaply as they are. Although Kamprad initially bought the furniture he sold, he soon changed his strategy by manufacturing the furniture himself. He designed his furniture to be functional and yet easy and inexpensive to build. The furniture was sold disassembled to save on manufacturing costs. And it was displayed in the store with detailed explanation tickets to alleviate the need for salesperson assistance, thus cutting down on the cost of labor (Owens) . A major competitive advantage that IKEA has is its control over the channels of production and distribution. It controls a network of 1800 suppliers in more than 50 countries (Normann and Ramirez). Because marketing channels are so critical on market acceptance and overall economic performance, creating a formal planning process for designing and selecting channels is imperative (Stern & El-Ansary: 222). Much of this control is spelled out in its code of conduct that it calls â€Å"The IKEA Way on Purchasing Home Furnishing Products.† This code was launched in 2000. It defines what suppliers can expect from IKEA and specifies what IKEA expects from its suppliers. It not only spells out its expectations in terms of legal requirements, working conditions, external environment, and forestry management, but also puts a great deal of emphasis on the active prevention of child labor (IKEA Web site). Partly for societal reasons and partly because it is just plain good business, IK EA has become very environmentally aware. For example, for decades the firm has worked to minimize the use of formaldehyde in its products. For 25 years, IKEA has applied the German formaldehyde legal requirement for all its products in all markets. The Germans have the strictest standard in the world. IKEA even applies this standard in countries where no limit exists. The German limit is such that even persons who are overly sensitive to formaldehyde should not experience any problems

High performance team Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

High performance team - Essay Example They are unaware of the knowledge being delivered to each team member for fulfilment of goals and objectives (Heathfield, 2007). 3. Lack of appropriate leadership style by the manager can also harm the team spirit and divert them from their established goals. The manager needs to adopt a specific leadership style to help and maintain the team’s enthusiasm and expectations. The ultimate goal for building a high-spirited team is to strive for improving customer satisfaction. Listed below are successful characteristics of building self-directed and high performing teams (Heathfield, 2007): 7. Control is an important empowerment for fulfilling the task as it develops the awareness that recommendations made by the team members will be scrutinised by their manager as the final decision rest with him (Buchholz, 1987). 1. Prevention and resolving conflicts: A safe and supportive organisational environment can build mutual trust and respect for its fellow team members. It can enable the members to express their opinions and problems with each other. For prevention of conflicts, following steps can be taken to make it a positive influence on the team (Fernandez, 2011). A collaborative agreement for negotiation between the team members and the manger can divulge a win- win situation. It is positive for both the interest and leads to total satisfaction for the high performance teams as well as the management (Fernandez,

Modernism in Design and Architecture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Modernism in Design and Architecture - Essay Example The paper "Modernism in Design and Architecture" states modernism and architecture. Ideally, the design will be embedded Jonathan Hill's notion of structure that is to expand the subject matter of planning and explore their interdependence. Traditionally, the purpose of design has been understood as the physical substances used in construction. For this reason, the proposed model will be a hybrid that incorporates the modern and traditional architecture to produce a cross breed that pushes the boundaries between subjects. Accordingly, this will facilitate an amalgam study that covers social, psychological, political, cultural history, art principles, and architecture. The application of a literal or phenomenal transparency in education facilitates communication between the players in a school setting. In his book Architecture the Subject Matter, Hill aims at expanding the subject and matter of architecture as well as examine their interdependence. In its centrality, the book goes bey ond the familiar boundaries of the discipline to reassess the building. In a deeper understanding, Hill depicts that architectural matter is not the physical fabric, but rather the components of an element such as the bricks, words, sound, blood cells, and pixels. From Hill's perspective, the personal perception, visualizing, and analysis of a situation is expounded by emphasizing on breaking the case into its essential elements to have a clear understanding of the situation before making recommendations or conclusions.

How the Company Seeks To Deliver Customer Value Assignment

How the Company Seeks To Deliver Customer Value - Assignment Example The corporation is committed towards, meeting the needs and tastes of its discriminating customers spread across the world with continuous innovation and by delivering quality of drinks. In order to strengthen its brand image and increase customer awareness, the company makes considerable investment in sales and marketing activities. The operations of the company are categorised into six major segments which involve Eurasia and Africa, Latin America, Pacific, Europe, North America, Bottling Investments and Corporate (Hartogh, 2007). Correspondingly, the purpose of the report is to critically examine and explain how the selected company i.e. The Coca-Cola Company seeks to deliver customer value. Organisational Objectives The Coca-Cola Company has established missions and objectives in order to guide its operations in the future period. Accordingly, the mission and objectives of the company are to: Refresh the entire world Inspire moments of cheerfulness Create value and ascertain tran sformation everywhere the company involves Similarly, the organisation has also articulated certain vision in order achieve its missions effectively and smoothly. Correspondingly, the visions of the company are subdivided into six major categories which include profit, people, portfolio, partners, planet and productivity. The vision of the company is briefly explained below: Profit: The company intends to provide fair returns to its shareholders while performing its organisational responsibilities People: The organisation aims at offering a cordial place for its employees to work wherein every individual is inspired to contribute their best towards the accomplishment of the organisational missions Portfolio: Coca Cola further intends to create new brands and sustain strong ‘brand portfolio’ by prudently meeting the needs of its customers Partners: The company also intends to grow its business along with ensuring the growth of its partners as well as aims at creating nurturing relationship with all its business partners Planet: Coca Cola not only strives to increase its ability to generate the revenue but also desires to become one of the most responsible corporate citizens Productivity: It aims at being a highly operative, lean and fast-moving corporation Source: (The Coca-Cola Company, 2013) Product and Brand Portfolio Coca-Cola offers an assortment of 500 brands and 3500 beverage products in different locations of its operations. The products of the company include sparkling and still beverages such as water, teas, coffees, juice drinks, sport drinks and energy drinks. It can be stated that the organisation has strong brand image across the globe. Essentially, a brand can be defined as the promise made by the business organisation to satisfy the needs of its customers. A strong brand image facilitates the business organisation to reinforce its reputation as well as seek large customer base. As far as branding is concerned for Coca-Cola, it has been ascertained that the company has made maximum utilisation of available resources for developing a strong brand image. The strong brand image of the company has facilitated it to acquire greater competitive market in the non-alcoholic beverage segment (Coca-Cola Enterprises Inc,

GLOBAL BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

GLOBAL BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT - Assignment Example During financialization, capitalism is often affected by the dominance of the financial sector over the productive sector(Krippner, 2011, p. 9). The essay critically analyzes some of the themes covered by Erturk et al. (2008) and their relevance to contemporary business and economy. According to (Ismail, et al., 2008, p. 239) there is no outline for a single market culture thesis. Instead, the issues discussed revolve around a variety of themes that touch on the market culture of society and politics. One of the market culture themes that have been identified covers a shift in interest among economical agents, from the inequality to difference; from the market economy of resource distribution in the economy of cultural recognition and identity. Economic actors are less concerned with issues related to the economic equality and are constantly shifting their attention to cultural differences. The dimensions of inequality in the economy have been focused on less, relative to the cultural considerations and differences that have turned to be a major problem. On a standard sociological account, the relation between economics and economies has been interpreted to be quite weak. The reason behind this prerogative ideology is that the economics provide highly abstract market models that are based on behavior and governing assumptions that have no world equivalences in reality. Along similar lines, the academic economics do not have a great deal of importance for businesses, even though it has a recognizable significance for states(Budd & Harris, 2004, p. 74). On the other hand, (Callon, 2004, p. 242)views the economy as a set of reliable technical practices rather than a bad science. He also visualizes the economy as a technology that creates phenomena and allows participation in shaping whatever it describes. The interest in the economy should be based less on the set of accurate representations of the

Evaluation report Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Evaluation report - Personal Statement Example The coordination role involved communicating with the facilitators and the entire relevant department in immersion programs. After development of immersion programs such as the dual immersion program, monitoring and evaluation of the program effectiveness are carried out. Monitoring involves the evaluation of student participation in the programs and individual achievement of the students (Baker 23). Participatory evaluation was conducted by the use of team activities and personal reflections on every task undertaken. As a coordinator, I evaluated individual student participation through roll call and attendance registers. The evaluation of effectiveness was done in cooperation with the facilitators. The monitoring process was successful, and the program recorded an improvement in language proficiency of the learners. In terms of offering logistical support, the purchases of relevant materials have been done on time with the focus being on effective administration of the designed program. The inclusion of immersion outreach programs and visitation to other ISO immersion centers. Additionally, the designing of the programs and plans was undertaken after serious consultation with all stakeholders. The logistical challenges associated with immersion programs have been considerably reduced through interactive program development. The development of the isolation immersion program facilitates simulation of the real life activities with the language learnt. The program takes up to three days and involves the use of one language strictly. As a coordinator, the development of plans and participation in the Isolation immersion program with the students is vital. The designing of isolation immersion program entails designing planning and execution of the set plan (Baker 121). As coordinator, I organized a number of three day immersion events for students

Types of TeamsTheory Application Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Types of TeamsTheory Application - Essay Example Rigid procedures may not work well with all clients and hence the need for self-managing teams in the restaurant. On the other hand, such teams improve efficiency, value, savings and employee satisfaction as well as minimal absence and worker turnover (Tjosvold & Smith, 2003). A grocery store requires a manager-led team whereby the owner of the store acts as the leader of the team and assumes responsibility for identifying the goals, activities as well as operation of the team. The leader needs to assign tasks to the team, for example depending on the number of products being dealt with. They should report to the leader matters concerning shortage of supply, customer preferences, and the movement of products to help the manager to make decisions regarding the next course of action, which may include additional stock or changing the product to suit the consumers. This kind of team provides substantial control of the leader over the team members as well as their activities. He/she controls the guiding principles as well as the outcome of the team’s tasks. This is important in a grocery store because any mistake translates in to losses for the business and the owner can not allow the recurrence of one mistake time and again, especially due to the fact that a grocery business may not have significant start-up capital (Baumeister & Vohs, 2004). A school may accomplish its organizational goals through establishing self-directing or self-governing teams. Teams are allowed to establish their own objectives as well as the strategies for accomplishing these objectives. The school’s management is left with the responsibility of enhancing the organizational environment of the team. Education requires creativity and commitment, which are accomplished through self-directing teams. Such teams also enhance motivation and offer openings for organizational learning and change especially when dealing with

Professional Interview Paper Term Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Professional Interview - Term Paper Example She worked and served the society in the abovementioned role for one and a half year before becoming the Nurse Manager in the same facility. Nonetheless she moved to become the part of Family Nurse Practitioner program at the University of Winter in August 2004 whereas she had to quit her job at State hospital in order to take care of her ill aunt at home. Additionally she was able to remain a full time student at the campus during her first semester of the course but she was forced to become a part-timer at the later stage so that she can take better care of the aunt. According to the source it is very difficult and testing to manage a fulltime profession when one has to take care of children and an ill aunt and therefore she remained at home for one and a half year while continuing her part-time studies. After completing the course she gladly accepted a job of a Pediatric Rheumatology Nurse at University of US Medical Center. Yet it is important to note that her new position was te mporary in nature and that was ideal for her because it gave her the freedom to manage her studies while making a handsome fortune on the sideline. But shortly she was offered to take up a permanent position and the management pledged to give her ample amount of space to take care of her studies. The target professional enjoyed working with the children and managed to complete her FNP program and subsequently she got her certification and degree in 2010. The nurse continued working as a Pediatric Rheumatology Nurse until January 2011 when she decided to take a position of Family Nurse Practitioner at the US State Hospital. Current Practice The concerned professional is presently working in the role of Family Nurse Practitioner in the female unit of some State medical facility. The nurse has the duties and responsibilities of getting complete history of the patient while running an entire physical test before one can be admitted for the services. Core Competencies The current positio n of the featured professional prays on her abilities to promote a healthy lifestyle in the patients whereas she is also responsible for educating and informing them about reasons, symptoms and remedies of the most commonly prevailing diseases. The professional is also anticipated to run a full physical examination whilst she is supposed to diagnose and propose treatments as well. The frequently occurring situations include pregnancy, amenorrhea, dysmenorrhea, menorrhagia, metorrhagia, sexually transmitted diseases that are to be managed by the nurse. Legal and Ethical Issues with Healthcare The current role of the featured nurse can make her face several number of ethical and legal dilemmas for instance an incapacitated patient may not be able to put her signature on the documents that will cause delay in her treatment (Appelbaum, November, 2007). But in these kinds of situations nursing staff must consult legal experts before taking any course of action. Suggestions and Recommenda tions The nurse must remain awake to the fact that physical illnesses are

Russia - National Security Presentation Speech or

Russia - National Security - Speech or Presentation Example NEXT SLIDE (TALK ABOUT THE FLAG (VGT) d. Overview: At 6.6 million square miles Russia (also known as the Russian Federation) is the largest nation-state in the world today. It encompasses all of northern Asia and north-eastern Europe. On the south, from west to east it borders on Kazakhstan, Mongolia and China (and furthest east, for a mere 11, miles it borders on North Korea. On the west, from north to south it borders on Norway, Finland, the Baltic States, Belarus and the Ukraine. e. It's national flag is a tricolor with bands of white, blue and red. Officially adopted in the 1890s and again in the 1990s, after the dissolution of the Soviet Union and the abandonment of the 'hammer and sickle' flag, it has been in use since the 17th century and its origins are shrouded in the mists of history. f. The total population is approximately 142 million and the capital city is Moscow with a population of 8.6 million. NEXT SLIDE In the wake of the Second World War a bi-polar world emerged wi th the Soviet Union and the United States as the world's two superpowers. With the dissolution of the Soviet Union in the 1990s some analysts suggested that the United States was the world's sole superpower and that the 'Cold War' had ended. Francis Fukuyama went so far as to suggest that capitalism had defeated socialism and history had ended. This proposition has proven to be ridiculously utopian. As is true of every state, Russia's national purpose remains advancement of its international interests, national security and national prosperity. In pursuit of these goals its major adversary remains the United States and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO); the alliance developed during the Cold War to ensure the security of Europe and link the United States with Canada and the democratic states of western Europe. The Russian Federation's minor adversaries are principally internal. Russia faces threats and terrorist adversaries in Chechnya, the northern Caucasus and througho ut the predominantly Muslim south-eastern portion of the country. On January 29, 2011 Reuters reported that the January bombing at Moscow's main airport was an operation carried out by North Caucasus separatist, terrorists. The report also identified the ethnic, religious and economic conflict at the root of the adversarial relationship: â€Å"Russia's leaders are struggling to contain a growing Islamist insurgency in the region, a strip of impoverished, mainly Muslim provinces along predominantly Orthodox Christian Russia's southern border.† (Reuters, 2011) Russia and the United States share an opposition to Muslim fundamentalism and terrorism. However, there are also multiple, potential points of conflict with the United States. The United States is committed to global democratization and human rights while the legitimacy of Russian democracy remains questionable. It is widely believed that the current Prime Minister and former President Vladimir Putin moved to the Prime Mi nistership to maintain control and subvert term limits on the President while remaining the 'power behind the throne'. Additionally, Russian corporations have often used accusations of economic malfeasance and other trumped up charges to take over the assets of foreign investors. These infringements on the rights of individuals and corporations remain potential trouble spots between the United States

The British Economy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 6

The British Economy - Essay Example A fixed exchange rate system as the name suggests, is a system in which the country in question is striving to prevent the exchange rate of the currency to change with the change is balance payments of deficits. This is a system which needs other accompanying systems to make it work (Pitt, 2001). When this system is to be implemented, the government uses certain measures and implements some specific rules. Usually, these rules include the fact that when interventions in the foreign markets are made, there should be macro-economic adjustments so that the income which is spent on imports is reduced. Along with that, protective tariffs are imposed so that the number of imports can be reduced to a desirable level. This system also includes some rules in which there is a restriction on the amount of foreign currencies that can be bought (Barro, 2008). The reason why a fixed exchange rate is used is that it provides certain benefits for the exporters. The basic reason why the exporters benefit from a fixed exchange rate is that there is greater certainty of the rates and the income which would be ultimately received from the export. The exporters have to take lesser risks and can guarantee results that would be more or less near to the things which are predicted (Pitt, 2001). The fixed exchange rate also enables the domestic firms and their workers to make them more disciplined. They enforce the idea that the costs of the company should be kept under a strict balance because that is the only way in which the company is able to compete in the international market. When the domestic firms are watching their costs, the government is able to control inflation and that in turn would control the interest rates (Barro, 2008). The years 1876 to 1913, were the ones in which the rate of a currency was established on the basis of that currency’s comparative conversion into an ounce of gold. This

Measuring the releationship between employees and patients Essay

Measuring the releationship between employees and patients satisfaction - Essay Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 1.2. Hypotheses. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 1.3. Significance of the Study. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 1.4. Theoretical Framework of the Study. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 1.5. Scope and Delimitation of the Study. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 1.6. DEFINITION OF TERMS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 2. RELATED LITERATURE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 2.1. Satisfaction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 2.2. Customer Satisfaction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 2.3. Customer Satisfaction and Strategic management. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 2.4. Sociality and Customer Satisfaction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 2.5. Staff Training and Customer Satisfaction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 2.6. Surveys and Scales for Quality Development. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 2.7. Customer Focused Organizational Culture. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 2.8. Stress and Improving Employee and Customer Satisfaction. . . . . . 22 2.9. Human Capital. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 2.10. Latest Developments in Health Care. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 2.11. Team work. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 3..METHODOLOGY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... The results revealed that the percentage level of the employees satisfaction is 66 with a category of slightly satisfied. The percentage level of inpatient satisfaction is 92 with a category of very satisfied. The percentage level of outpatient satisfaction is 88 with acategory of satisfied. On the other hand, there was no significant relationship between employee and patient satisfaction at King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre. There was a very small positive correlation between the employee satisfaction and patient satisfaction. Traditionally, satisfaction, contentment, pleasure, or happiness diverges from person to person, from company to company. Employers however, constantly assess the degree of satisfaction among their clients for advancement, growth, productivity, and maintenance of a market share.

Do you agree that fat is a feminist issue why or why not Essay

Do you agree that fat is a feminist issue why or why not - Essay Example Women indulge in food so that they can be taken more serious in their areas of work, especially by their male colleagues. Losing weight leads to them being overlooked by their male counterparts. Other women have different reasons for being fat. While some opt to grow fat to avoid competition from other women, others do go this direction to de-sexualize themselves, yet others do it because of their mothers’ crazy relationship with food. Women who are fat usually think they are in desperate need of weight loss, yet subconsciously they hold on to the desire to stay fat. They seem to enjoy the advantages that come with being fat. They keep overlooking the very activities that lead them to being fat such as compulsive eating. Orbach shares her experience with trying to lose weight as she opens a window into her life with obesity. Although she had suffered dieting, bingeing and selfhatred for ten years, she got renewed within six months after enrolling for a course on compulsive eating (Wilson par. 5). Women do crazy things in the name of growing thin; some vomit food until it even comes out of the nostrils, some do laxatives, others exercise twice a day for two and a half hour sessions per session, while others try diets such as atkins diet, cabbage soup, south beach and the zone and the long list of despair and self hatred continues. Women count calories, measure grams offat, drink very bitter tasting juices for weeks just to look good on the beach. After doing all this, they realize they feel a lot happier being size 16 than trying to be size 8 (Gordon par. 4). Throughout a lot of exaggeration can be see, images have become sexier in an unattainable manner. These are just the consequences of a social system in which those who wield power take advantage both at home and at the workplace. Some, like Duchess Windsor, believe that a woman cannot be too thin, a sentiment echoed by all fashion and beauty magazines, every television commercial, weight loss

Infra Red Spectroscopy in Chemistry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Infra Red Spectroscopy in Chemistry - Essay Example The absorbed radiation is converted into energy of molecular vibration by the sample molecules. The frequency of absorption of radiation depends on the masses of the atoms in the molecule, the force constants of the bonds, and the geometric structure of the molecule. Hence, the resulting spectrum is an exact replica of sample contents and its molecular structure as supported by Beer-Lambert Law (Duckworth, 1998) which states that there is a linear relationship between how much light is absorbed by a sample and the product of the concentration of the absorbing species and its path length. A close examination of infra-red spectrum fingerprints reveals that absorption peaks correspond to the frequency of vibration between the bonds of the atoms of sample material while the magnitude of peaks corresponds to the amount of material present. Since each sample has a unique molecular structure just like a fingerprint so no two unique molecular structures produce the same infra-red spectrum (l eaving few exceptions). Hence the information provided by infra-red spectra about the composition as well as the structure of a molecule of a sample material clearly paves a way for both qualitative a â€Å"positive identification† and (with an aid of modern software algorithms) quantitative i. e. â€Å"amount† (Introduction to Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry, 2001, p.3) analysis of material, an invaluable tool for QA/QC or contamination analysis applications. For example, Ethanol content is the single most important parameter in alcoholic beverage industries. ‘For many economic and regulatory reasons, convenient, accurate, and fast quantitative determination of ethanol in mixtures is important. With the increased importance of quality assurance in industries, Near-IR spectroscopy has become an important quantitative tool for solvent characterization’.

Systemic Risk and SIFI and Global Economic Crisis Essay

Systemic Risk and SIFI and Global Economic Crisis - Essay Example However, between 1940s and 1980s, there were less bank runs in USA, mainly due to tight legal framework and due to the transformed atmosphere. However, the banking tighter regulation in U.S.A not proved to be satisfactory as more than 250 banks filed insolvency petitions between 1980s and 1990s. In 1990s, Asian countries witnessed an economic turmoil as a result many banks in those regions failed. The issue started with individual bank and slowly enveloped into the whole banking system of a nation and finally impacted the creditworthiness of such nation itself. Likewise, the subprime mortgage crisis occurred in the 2007 -2008 started with U.S financial institutions and U.S banks and finally impacted many financial institutions around the world. However, bank failures or bank runs are not occurring in all the nations. For instance, there is no bank failure at all in Ireland and in Switzerland. Rochet (2008) is of the view that interferences by politicians can play a significant role i n bank runs. Many frequent bank failures and bank runs urged the need to recognise and deter financial agonies in the future well before they commence. Hence, there is a necessity to establish a well-structured supervision system in the financial sector, and it should be given authority to identify â€Å"systemic risks.† Bini Smaghi (2009) is the first to emphasise the theoretical issues of systemic risk, and the agency established for the same is to be well versed in detection of risks, evaluation of risk, and finally giving warnings about risks. (Eijffinger 2009:44). This research will make an earnest effort to elucidate w what is meant by ‘systemic risk’ and discuss the relevance of ‘systemically important financial institutions’ for policymakers and the ways and means to avoid future bank and financial institution failures. â€Å"What is Systemic Risk?† Systemic risk is a peril that is widespread in a nation or the economy as a whole and cannot be avoid ed by coalescing the assets in well-diversified and large portfolios, and it is also called as non-diversifiable risk. Systemic risk starts off in various sizes, shapes and magnitude. In some countries, systemic risk has occurred due to foreign exchange risks and economic shocks and in some other nations, it has occurred due to internal or external war or due to political instability. In between 1992 to 2002, there were about eight regional / global economic crisis happened in Europe, Asia and U.S.A. In case of banks, the systemic risk area includes forex risk and interest rate risks. The low-quality credit assets will first collapse when the systemic risks deteriorate. A portfolio approach is the need of the hour to recognise such unique and susceptible sectors and credit asset allocations, which may witness a negative effect in various economic conditions. Hence, it is essential to structure the portfolio to be fine-tuned methodologically so that the rigorousness of varying macro- economic crisis is minimised. It is to be noted that systemic risk differs from industry to industry. (Joseph 2007:242). As per G10, a systemic risk is one where an incident will activate a deprivation of confidence or diminution of economic value and may result in vagueness that would compel the major segment of the financial system to destabilize due to negative impact on the real economy. Thus, a systemic risk will have four significant ingredients namely erosion of faith, a sudden spurt of vagueness, major segment of the financial system that might be impacted and poignant negative impact on the real economy.†(Eijffinger 2010 :44).†

Businesses Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Businesses Marketing - Essay Example Moreover, he claims that, in order to understand how consumers actually make buying decisions, three scopes have to be identified, which are who makes the buying decision, the types of buying decisions, and the steps in the buying process. This report will examine the importance of marketing to organizations in the twenty-first century. It will focus on one company, namely Mercedes Benz, and first of all show what marketing is. In addition, it will look at how Mercedes Benz uses marketing strategies and techniques. Furthermore, it will consider the reasons why marketing is essential to this organization, and how it has changed its use of marketing and how it might continue to do so in the future. In order to do this, it will be necessary to use marketing models and examples throughout. Also, a history and definition of modern marketing will be given. Next, the functions of marketing will be explained. A description of the marketing process, with particular emphasis on the development of integrated marketing strategies by organizations will also be covered. ... It was around 1960, when marketing mix was first introduced. The concept of the marketing mix primarily revolves around marketing's four Ps, which include price, product, place and promotion (Grnroos, 1994). From then on, this basic marketing mix model remained unchallenged. It even overpowered earlier marketing models Wroe Alderson's organic functionalist approach as well as the system-oriented approaches and parameters theory advocated by Copenhagen school in Europe. Similarly, previous approaches like the commodity, functional geography-related regional and institutional schools, have long been forgotten. For a long time, the use of marketing mix has been concentrated on the simple business to customer market. For over forty years, the management paradigm of marketing mix has indeed dominated most thoughts, practice and research of marketing. As time goes, the concept of the marketing mix and the four Ps had become an irrefutable paradigm used in academic research, which in turn results to validity being taken for granted. In most parts of the marketing and academic world, researchers remain to consider the concept as the epitome of marketing truth even up to the present time. One way of using the marketing mix in generating greater understanding and communications is through the establishment of long lasting customer relationships. For years, there has been a growing interest on the study of customer relationship economics. It has been introduced by Heskett et al. (1994) that understanding the concept of market economies means the achievement of understanding the customers rather than focusing on the development of scale economies. One example cited by Reichheld (1993, p. 65) was the result of his study at MBNA, a US credit card

Nursing practice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Nursing practice - Essay Example He therefore has to be educated on how the process of chemotherapy takes place and the importance of maintaining good oral hygiene. Even though John follows all the advice from the doctors, he still developed ulcers in his mouth due to chemotherapy. In response to these side effects, the nurses intervene to prevent the worsening of the side effects. Side effects of fluorouracil Fluorouracil is, a drug used in the treatment of cancer. It performs by making an irremediable reserve of thymidylate synthase. It interrupts the action of enzyme blocks hence hinders synthesis of pyrimidine thymidine which is a nucleoside for DNA replication (Winawer et al, 2003). Chemotherapy is generally used to kill any rapidly growing cells in the body thus killing the cancerous cells (De vita, 2001). Such rapidly multiplying cells are found in the mouth linings hence they fall victims to this chemicals. The reaction between the healthy cells in the mouth linings and the fluorouracil leads to formation of sores and ulcers. Since the occurrences of sores are hard to prevent, the extent of damage caused by the sores can be limited. In order to counter the side effects of chemotherapy, the patients need to be fully educated on the importance of good oral hygiene. They should be encouraged to regularly brush their teeth in order to prevent accumulation of germs in the mouth. In addition, the nurses should intervene so that the patient is given good medical care. They should ensure that the patient gets full nutritional supplements and he/she is free from pain. Discussed below are importance of maintaining good oral hygiene and the nursing interventions of preventing the side effects:- Oral hygiene education as a method of preventing side effects of chemotherapy Oral hygiene entails keeping both mouth and teeth clean as a way of preventing bad breath and tooth decay. It not only involves brushing the teeth but also maintaining the whole mouth including the tongue, gum and the inner skin of the mouth. In the case study, John was constantly advised to have a good oral hygiene before going for the chemotherapy sessions. This is because; the cancer drugs contain some reactive chemicals, which are designed to kill any rapidly growing cells (Bradbury, 2007). In the process of eliminating the rapidly growing cells, these drugs encounter mouth cells that are also multiplying rapidly. The healthy cells in the mouth react with the chemical substances in the drugs hence resulting into a chemical reaction, which damages the skin of the mouth. This chemicals cause sores in the mouth and in the throat, a condition referred to as mucositis. The chemical substances in the drugs make the tissues dry, soft and easily irritable hence it may result to bleeding gums (Lewis, 2007). If oral hygiene were not maintained, the mouth germs would infect the sores. Such germs would lead to further complications for the patient because mouth infections would result to administering of other drug s, which may affect the functioning of the cancer drugs (Drasdo, 2001). In the case study, John is advised to brush his teeth regularly; due to the softness of his gums, he is told to be gentle while brushing and use a toothbrush with soft brittles. He is also advised to ensure the whole mouth including the tongue and the gums are properly cleaned. By ensuring good oral hygiene, there will be minimum damage on John’s mouth hence the worsening of the mouth sores would be curbed.

Contract law Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Contract law - Case Study Example As Gavrilovic (2013) has noted, under the Second Schedule of the Unfair Contract Terms Act 1977, a supplier party should make accommodations for the consumer as a way of fulfilling the spirit of reasonableness of contractual terms. In light of these provisions, the University has provided Ms Edwards adequate accommodation of  £20 discount on her weekly rental fee. This accommodation by the University renders her alleged â€Å"unreasonableness† of the institution’s contract terms a, b and c in the tenancy agreement void. Regulation 5(1) of the Unfair Terms in Consumer Contracts Regulations 1999 provides the definition of an unfair contractual term as one that: has not had the input of the consumer or one that substantially impacts the rights and responsibilities of the parties to an extent that it creates an imbalance of the duties or one that negatively affects the spirit of good faith. In this case, Ms Edwards’ acceptable of the tenancy contract terms offered by the University against other less favourable options provided by the private sector can be construed to mean as a student she negotiated for the lower rental fee (Toms, 2009). A contract term that results in â€Å"significant imbalance† and thus unfair to a consumer, requires that the condition has to be seen as detrimental to the consumer and extremely beneficial to the supplier in terms of profits (Gavrilovic, 2013). In this case, the University did not intend to benefit in any way whatsoever by limiting Ms Edwards’ and any other student’s desire to hold parties within the institution’s premises. In fact, the rule is part of the institution’s duty of care in ensuring that the organization’s assets including the human resources are safeguarded from any harm within the University’s property. In light of this second rule, the contractual terms are fair and reasonable to the plaintiff. Lastly, the terms which the

Managing for the future Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Managing for the future - Essay Example This fact can be analyzed by looking at the magazines who printed its success. "FT Global 500" by Financial Times, "The World's 2000 Biggest Public Companies" by Forbes magazine and by the Dow Jones Sustainability Indexes (Developing Telecoms | China Mobile | Sponsors Directory, 2012). According to its official website, Limited China Mobile Limited(2012), it has more than 34 subsidiaries like China Mobile Communication Company Limited (â€Å"CMC") , ZONG, China Mobile Group Guangdong Company Limited ("Guangdong Mobile"), Jiangsu Mobile and Hong Kong Mobile etc. The board of directors of China Mobile Ltd consists of Executive Directors and Independent Non-Executive Directors. The executive directors are seven in number whereas the Independent Non-Executive Directors are three in number (China Mobile Limited - About China Mobile > Board of Directors, 2012). 1.1 Milestones from 2006-2012 2006 marks some of the most important changes which came in the company. China Mobile Limited was f ormerly named as China Mobile (Hong Kong) Limited. The change in the company’s name came in the year 2006. This year also marks the privatization of China Resources Peoples Telephone Company Ltd. The privatization benefitted the company allot and gave a boost to its annual profits. In 2006, News Corp. and STAR Group Ltd. formed wireless media tactical association with China Mobile Ltd (China Mobile Limited - About China Mobile > Milestones, 2012). According to the company’s official website the year 2009 marks a share subscription agreement with the company Far EasTone. This increased the annual company profit (China Mobile Limited - About China Mobile > Milestones, 2012). Guangdong Mobile and SPD bank signed a share subscription agreement in the year 2010. This agreement increased the interest of both the subsidiaries of the company. It further strengthened the company’s e-commerce and mobile finance businesses (China Mobile Limited - About China Mobile > Miles tones, 2012). 2012 marks a lot of success news for the company. The company got a lot of awards for its performance and expansion. "Grand Award Winners -- Investor Relations" and three "iNova Awards 2012" serve as the most honorable achievements of the company. Moreover, the company is nominated for the Top favorite China Corporate Brand voted by China Consumer" and it was included in the Financial Times magazine again. It is the company which keeps it head high by coming up for the Millward Brown and Financial Times' "BRANDZâ„ ¢ Top 100" list for the seventh year uninterruptedly (China Mobile Limited - Media Centre > News Highlights, 2012). 1.2 What about the future? From the year 2006-2012, the company has been the most successful company in the wireless mobile services business. It has seen many success stories and good times. It is important for the company to maintain its reputation and image for the future as well. Be it Apple Inc. or Samsung, all the companies have been at the top because they keep on inventing new things for the future. They try to plan for the future and implement the strategies accordingly. China Mobile Limited has a lot of competition in the age of wireless technology. To remain the best it has to innovate and plan for its future. A company’s success lies in the people who work for it. The company’s biggest assets are people (Zolezzi, 2004. pp.41). 1.3 Management, Marketing and Understanding the Key Stakeholders Marketing is a tool to sell the product or service. It

Discuss the Types of Unemployment and the Benefits of Controlling It In the UK Essay Example for Free

Discuss the Types of Unemployment and the Benefits of Controlling It In the UK Essay Unemployment is the number of people out of work who are actively seeking employment at the current wage rates. To be actively seeking work you must be of working age: 16-64 for males and 16-59 for females and not economically inactive. That means you cannot be in full time education, be on a training scheme, have retired early or be raising children at home. To measure unemployment in the UK the government uses two methods to quantify the rate. The first is the Labour Force Survey, in a monthly survey of a sample of households representing the entire population. The surveys are based on the activities of each person of working age in the households, within a one week period. A person who did any work during that week for pay or profit, worked 15 hours or more as an unpaid worker in a family business, or had a job from which he or she was temporarily absent, is counted as employed. A person who was not working but was looking for work or was on a temporary lay-off and available to take a job is counted as unemployed. The second is the claimant count, where the governments collect figures on the number of people claiming unemployment benefits from the DSS. This second method often gives lower values as they is likely to be many people who do not except the benefits, purely on principal or because they do not need the extra cash. There are five main types of unemployment which all affect the economy in different ways. These are cyclical or demand deficient unemployment, frictional unemployment, seasonal unemployment and structural unemployment. The first of these, cyclical or demand deficient unemployment is based around what will happen to demand in a recession. When the economy goes into a recession there is a rise in unemployment as there is insufficient demand within the economy. This is really only a short term cause to unemployment, because when in recession the economy is in disequilibrium. However macroeconomic forces will work to restore the economy to its long run equilibrium, however in the short run there will be unemployment. In a recession the demand curve will shift left to D2. With the wage rate remaining constant at W in the short term there will be unemployment of GE created. In response macroeconomic forces will cause one of two changes. Either the economy will move out of recession, causing the demand curve to shift right and back to the equilibrium point of W , E. Else if the economy stays in recession the forces will cause the wage rate to drop to Y and cause the number of workers employed to rise to F. However as the economy moves out of recession the demand curve will shift right, causing the economy to move back towards its equilibrium at W , E. The second types of unemployment, frictional unemployment is the term used to define workers who have recently lost a job and are in short term unemployment until they find further employment. There is always turnover of labour in a free market, so frictional unemployment is not regarded as a major problem. Seasonal unemployment is when workers work within an industry that only requires them to be employed at certain times of the year. For example in the tourist industry workers tend to work in the summer, but are then laid off in autumn months before taking up their jobs again the next spring. There is very little that can be done to prevent seasonal unemployment in a market where the demand for labour varies throughout the year. Structural unemployment is when the demand for labour is less than the supply in an individual labour market. There are three main examples of this. Regional unemployment, where different areas of the country have different rates of unemployment and because of a lack of factor mobility, labour is not able to freely move between regions and balance unemployment. Sectoral unemployment is when workers from one industry are unable to adapt to a different industry, therefore not being able to follow the changes in demand. Finally if technological unemployment, where technology advances and replaces manual labour, therefore without retraining workers would not have the skills to operate these machines and therefore would not be suitable for the demand of labour. Controlling the rate of unemployment in the UK is going to be a key element in the performance of the UK economy. The rate of unemployment is directly related to real GDP. So in both the short run and the long run if the economy is to grow then unemployment most be controlled. The rate of unemployment will also determine the kind of policy the government will have in place to boost the economy, although this is also based on the type of government in power. The current labour government are Keynesian economists and believe that in the long run there may be mass unemployment. They also use fiscal policy, which is a demand side policy. So their economic goals will depend a lot on the long term unemployment levels that are predicted. If the government are predicting a period of sustained unemployment they are likely to be aiming at lowering inflation. Whereas if they predict full employment they can aim for increased GDP. Because of the shape of the long run aggregate supply curve, both these goals can be achieved without altering any other elements of the economy. To lower inflation the demand function would need to be shifted left. This could be achieved by an increase in the National Insurance contributions of workers. This would cause more of peoples income being taken in taxation leaving them with less money to spend on goods and services, which would cause a decrease in the total demand in the economy. To help increase economic growth the total demand in the economy would need to be increased. This would need a shift left in the demand function, which could be caused by a fall in interest rates. This would cause more people to borrow money and less to save, leaving more money in the economy which will increase the demand for goods and services. If unemployment can be kept low then the costs of unemployment are minimised as well. Not only do the government have to spend less on unemployment benefits but also have less trouble with crime and vandalism, which will also save them valuable money. Also everyone will have more money to spend, not only the previous unemployed, but also previous taxpayers as the government will require less money from them. This will increase total money in the economy and cause the aggregate demand to shift right, which will cause the growth of the economy to increase. So sustainable unemployment is good for the economy as it enables the government to set goals and work towards them around the long term predictions for unemployment rates. This is only an option if unemployment is kept in a boundary. Else if it is too fluctuated then it is hard to judge what the government will need to do from one day to the next. However controlling unemployment may not always be a good thing. For example because unemployment is directly related to economic growth, if you are controlling unemployment then you are also controlling economic growth. This will not be a good thing as the economy is at its most efficient when economic growth is climbing at a rate constant to the economy, not controlled by the government.

Environmental Pollution Essay Example for Free

Environmental Pollution Essay Los Angeles, California have been experiencing a growing population within our city. The growing population in this city has caused an increased pressure on the infrastructure and natural resources that are beginning to affect our environment. The expansion of the city has cut deeper into the rural areas that are causing problems to the environment, such as a loss in our wetlands, water pollution, biological habitats, and air pollution. The cause of the growing population has led to a high density of factories, automobiles, and commercial enterprises in Los Angeles. The population growth is beginning to create many environmental problems that are giving Los Angeles economic, and environmental consequences. Theresa Carter, an associate-level environmental scientist, has suggested four measurements of the city council for addressing the pollution management. She has suggested to Encouraging alternative transportation, walking, and bicycle use, Promoting fuel-efficient cars, Improving roads, and Encouraging carpooling. The encouragement of alternative transportation is great on the earth environment and the health of human beings. The improvement of better roads can also improve the transportation of people, reduce cars accidents, and can allow people to compost what was used. Compost helps improve soil, so it holds more water and plants grow better. Carpooling is a very effective climate change, because it allows one car to be used to carry different people to work and other places. For instance, eight people wanted to drive their car from Los Angeles to Apple valley. Los Angeles is an hour and a half drive away. Instead of using eight different cars and spending money on  eight different fossil fuels to fuel their cars, one person can use a van to carry all the co-worker to one location saving, hundreds of dollars and used of savable fossil fuels. When people use walking, bicycling, and carpooling at least twice a week it can cut the greenhouse gas emission at 1,600 pound per year. The promotion of fuel efficient vehicles allows the waste of fuel not to be used and helps protect the future cost of fossil fuels. When humans trade a car for a bicycle, it do not only improve their and the ecosystem health, It allows humans to fight obesity and rely on other ways to get around. Some persons may argue that fuel efficient cars are a great expense, but it can also be a significant improvement to get their health in order. It can do this by removing pollution from the air and gathering into their lungs. Bicycling is exercise, and many people have become obese by sitting around and driving, while not doing nothing to benefit their health. Pedestrian crashes are more than twice as likely to occur in areas without sidewalks; streets with sidewalks on both sides have the fewest crashes. Streets without safe places to walk, cross, catch a bus, or bicycle put people at risk. Over 5,000 pedestrians and bicyclists died on U.S. roads in 2008, and more than 120,000 were injured (Reynolds, C, p. 22, 2009). Improvements of new roads and fuel efficient cars can be a massive expense, but the is an excellent conservation of people lives, and deter of greenhouse gases being released. Better decision making on environmental issues, allow people to make a better decision to live life on earth for a longer existence. The way the Earth works is to create and recreate, not for human to produce and destroys nature natural habitat. The following quote â€Å"Decision-making about environmental issues necessitates the maintenance of a good balance between the effectiveness of measures and the public reaction towards them.† In Theresa opinion mean that if human makes a valid decision on the thing that he or she find necessary, meaning something they can not live without Only then will they know how to keep the earth and its environment clean, and the general will began to follow. When the public sees the response of them destroying the environment personally, they can take the appropriate measure it take to have others combined with the contribute to restoring and  maintain a clean environment. Los Angeles economic and environmental hazard can become improved by encouraging alternative transportation, walking, and bicycle use, promoting fuel-efficient cars, improving roads and encouraging carpooling. Many hazards come from the emission of fossil fuels from the engines of cars, by implementing the use of people not using their cars or making fuel efficient vehicles, it helps improve the inconvenience use of vehicles. When the growth of population becomes larger, more people require unnecessary materialistic items, like cars, technology, and material that cut into the field and push down trees from growing. Animals start to get pushed out their habitats, and the earth begin to become small on their environmental structure. If Los Angeles complete or clean up their street, it may cost a profit, but it is a reduction in car accidents, better bicycling paths for bicyclist, and a cleaner environment so humans can respect and take care. Reference: Analysis shows promoting fuel efficient cars will keep fuel costs from draining illinois economy. (2011). Entertainment Close Up, Retrieved September 14, 2014, from http://search.proquest.com/docview/864596179?accountid=458 Botkin, D.B. and Keller,E.A. 2010. Environmental Science: Earth as a Living Planet 7th Edition. Hoboken: John Wiley Sons. Reynolds, C., et al. (2009). â€Å"The Impact of Transportation Infrastructure on Bicycling Injuries and Crashes: A Review